Irrigation Software

INTRODUCTION

With the ever increasing demand on the supply of irrigation water, agricultural lands are often faced with the use of irrigation water of poor quality. In many parts of Ethiopia, wastewater, are willing to wells, ponds, streams and processing plants are used as a source of water for irrigation and for drinking (Alemtsehaye, 2002). However, the continued application of the quality of irrigation water can reduce the poor performance of agricultural land. Water quality for agricultural purposes is determined on the basis of the effect of water quality and crop yields, and the effect on changes in soil characteristics (FAO, 1985). The problems most frequently encountered soil used as a basis for assessing water quality are those related to salinity, the rate of water infiltration, toxicity, and a group of other miscellaneous problems (Richardson, 1954 Wilcox, 1966).

Kombolcha is one of few towns in Ethiopia with a relatively higher number of both plant-scale manufacturing, including textiles factory, meat processing ELFORA-factory, tannery, brewery plant BGI products, steel industry and the flour factory. In addition to this, the city is chosen to be an industrial city in the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia, which indicates that industrial development and its pollution risks increase in the future. Existing industries have been discharging their waste into the environment, particularly in the nearby river. According to the Bureau of Agriculture woreda authorities, more than 25,000 farmers are diverting waste from the contaminated river water to irrigate about 2695 hectares of farmland to produce different crops, including cereals, vegetables and fruits (Kalu Woreda Agricultural Office, 2006). In addition, the latest report from the office of local agricultural administration says that despite the fact that many farmers and companies have used the local rivers for irrigation since long, no study has yet been done on the chemistry polluted river water for its irrigation suitability (Kalu Woreda Agricultural Office, 2007). In Kombolcha, perhaps the most important factor in the prediction and management of soils of agricultural lands is the quality of irrigation water used.

The main purpose of the study is to provide concrete information on the extent of liquid industrial waste and help farmers and policymakers to take corrective action in time. The Impact of liquid industrial waste on the quality of irrigation water was evaluated by examining the concentrations of Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, BO3-3, CO3 =, HCO3-, Cl-and pH and rescue in polluted waters of rivers for irrigation through laboratory analysis. Soil samples were also taken to assess the quality of the effect of irrigation water on agricultural soil irrigated properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Location of study area

The study area is located in the city Kombolcha which is located on the north-central part of Ethiopia located immediately south-east of Dessie in the north latitude region Amahara 11o06 'east longitude and 39o45'. River crosses the city Borken emerging East and running in a westerly direction. In its way throughout the city, it receives the effluent indirectly through its tributaries and appointed Works Leyole. Most factories are located closely together in the middle of the city near the tributaries of Borken.

Methods Samples of irrigation water and soil of farmland have been collected in three phases in the irrigation period of the study area. Acceptable methods standard one.